All Souls' Day

All Souls’ Day
2 November 2025

 All Souls’ Day Masses this weekend are Memorial Masses whose characteristics are much like that of a funeral, the difference being that there is no body of a deceased person present in these Masses. But the Scripture selections, prayers, and symbolism are much the same as in a funeral.  The Church’s Sacred Liturgy contains her doctrine and it is an instrument by which the Church’s belief is transmitted.  This transmission of doctrine in the sacred liturgy does not take place in some didactic way, as if the liturgy is like being in a classroom.  Rather, the Church’s liturgical rites transmit her doctrine by means of forming a culture in which we naturally receive, or are shaped in, the Church’s faith. Thus, with the rare occurrence of All Souls’ Day replacing the normal weekend Masses, I want to highlight some of the Church’s theology and liturgical practice surrounding funerals, contrasting it with some problematic cultural practices surrounding funerals.  I think this is a timely and necessary sermon topic given some cultural trends surrounding death and funerals.  I want to emphasize that when I raise examples of popular trends that should be avoided by a catholic, I am not making fun of anyone or intending to indict anyone for past funeral choices.  My duty is to instruct you here and now so that there is better information for the future.  Obviously, I am only referring to Catholic funerals and practices.  Other groups who are not catholic might have different practices and are not bound by catholic practice.

“In the face of death, the Church confidently proclaims that God has created each person for eternal life and that Jesus, the Son of God, by his death and resurrection, has broken the chains of sin and death that bound humanity” (Order of Christian Funerals, Praenotanda, 1).  “The proclamation of Jesus Christ… is at the center of the Church’s life” (ibid., Praenotanda, 2).  This proclamation of Christ and his victory over death is also at the heart of the funeral rites of the Catholic Church.  “Christians celebrate the funeral rites to offer worship, praise, and thanksgiving to God for the gift of a life which has now been returned to God” (ibid., Praenotanda, 5).

With this summary theology in mind, and since the Church is always seeking to proclaim Jesus Christ, a catholic funeral has two main focuses.  First, in charity and mercy the Church prays for the deceased person, so that he or she be purified of sin and able to enter heaven.  This is a charity that we ourselves will count on one day.  Second, the catholic funeral also seeks to bring consolation to the family and friends of the deceased for whom grief can be a time of testing and doubt.  A catholic funeral is never primarily about the life of the deceased person.  It is primarily about the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.  If a funeral is a celebration of anyone’s life, it is a celebration of the life of Jesus Christ and then, secondarily, how the life of the deceased person participated in the life of Jesus.  Thus, terms such as “Requiem Mass” or “Funeral Mass” or “Mass of Christian Burial” better describe a catholic funeral than does the tendency to refer to a funeral as a “celebration of life” or a “celebration of the deceased”.

There are certain customs of culture that may have a place at a catholic funeral, but it is important to remember that the funeral rites are the Church’s ritual. It is the Church who owns it, and not the person receiving the ritual.  Thus, funerals are the Church’s ritual, expressing her authentic Christian faith, and are not the property of any one person who might prefer to cater a funeral to his or her own preferences.  There are trends in the funeral industry and in funeral ceremony planning that should not be part of a catholic funeral.  Here are some real-life examples that I have encountered: The funeral is not a time to play the deceased person’s favorite Sinatra song or the fight song from their college alma mater.  It is not a place to bring in a vaguely spiritual sounding song that appears on a Josh Groban album.  The catholic funeral is not the place to wear the jersey of the deceased’s favorite sports team or to place cremated remains in a tackle box because “he really loved fishing”.

It needs to be said that we don’t presume to know in most cases that a deceased person is already in heaven.  We might say they are “free of their burdens” or that they are “in the hands of God” or that they “have entered eternity”.  But to claim that they have already successfully passed judgment and are in heaven is a rather bold claim that should be avoided in most cases.  You can understand how superficial that claim is when I highlight the opposite claim as a joke: Have you ever been to a funeral where someone said the deceased is in hell?  Yeah, I’m still waiting too!  We do not know the state of a person’s soul.  But we have hope for the soul because of God’s tremendous love and mercy.  When we adopt an erroneous theology that claims a person is already and automatically in heaven, we are also undercutting the urgency to pray for the deceased.  Why would I pray for someone’s repose if he or she is already in heaven?  We, Catholics, pray for the deceased.  The custom of having Mass intentions scheduled through the office for a deceased person should be part of our culture.  The Holy Mass is the highest prayer we have, by which the sacrifice of Christ for our salvation is made present to us.  Thus, it is a great honor and, more importantly, a great spiritual value to have a Mass offered for deceased family and friends.  In your own funeral plans, you might instruct the executor of your will to have a certain number of Masses offered for your repose from the estate. In addition, you should expressly state your desire for a Catholic funeral that reflects your faith.  This is especially helpful if your survivors are not practicing catholics.  Another claim that should be avoided, a claim you often hear when someone dies, is that the person has become an angel.  When someone dies, you might hear the comment “heaven has gained another angel”.  That is not a true statement and it is contrary to Catholic teaching and contrary to logic.  We human beings are our own proper being as body and soul.  Death does not mean we become a different level of being.  In other words, we do not go higher to become angels.  In a similar way, we do not go lower to become animals after death.  And, thanks be to God for that!

  The issue of cremation needs some clarity.  From the funeral ritual we read: “Although cremation is now permitted by the Church, it does not enjoy the same value as burial of the body.  The Church clearly prefers and urges that the body of the deceased be present for the funeral rites” (ibid., Praenotanda, 413).  This preference is motivated by honoring the body which, in baptism, had been made a temple of the Holy Spirit. There are signs in the funeral ritual showing the Church’s preference that the body be present: only a body in the casket is vested with the pall, the large cloth that recalls baptism, which is placed over a casket at the beginning of the funeral Mass.  Cremated remains do not receive the pall.  This is easily understood because only a body is vested; ashes are not vested. Where there is some compelling reason to choose cremation, and there may be reasons, and provided that cremation is not chosen as a sign of rejecting our faith in the resurrection of the body, you might consider the option that funeral homes now provide: namely, you can make use of a temporary casket for the funeral Mass, permitting the body to be present at the Mass, and have cremation after the Mass with burial to follow as soon as possible.  This is also a good place for me to note that proper disposition of the body or cremated remains is required for a catholic funeral.  The body, of course, demands prompt burial.  When we are dealing with cremated remains there must be a specific plan for proper burial or entombment.  While some delay in burial may be understandable in certain cases, one may not keep ashes. Scattering of ashes is also not permissible for a catholic funeral.  Ashes should not be separated with portions given to survivors for keeping.  The entirety of the ashes must be put in a burial place. This might surprise you, but it is a real trend: It is also unacceptable to have cremated remains compressed into shapes, turning them into jewelry or decorations.

  I wanted to say more about why there is no Gloria at a funeral Mass, the special candles, the color of vestments, and why the altar is not vested in black, but this sermon was getting too long.  Maybe I will put out a document that explains more.

In conclusion, we want what is most important to be clearly visible at our funeral rites: our faith in Jesus Christ risen from the dead.  With that focus, we then observe a funeral in hope based on the generous mercy of the Lord and so we pray for the healing of sin for the deceased and the final entrance into Heaven.  There is sadness when someone dies, rightly so in many cases.  But there can also be joy in focusing on what should truly matter to us as Catholics, a life well-lived in the Lord.  That should inspire our living right now, so that we are prepared for that day that comes to us all when we shall pass from this life to the next.

[Let’s pray now the Eternal Rest prayer for the deceased]

Twenty-Eighth Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XXVIII per Annum C
12 October 2025

 The first reading and the Gospel selection follow a remarkably similar narrative.  A leper, who is a foreigner, is cleansed and has enough awareness to notice, to make a return, and to thank God in adoration and homage.  Two lepers.  Two non-Jews.  Two who are not part of God’s People.  Only these are aware of the gift they are given; only these make a return; only these thank God.  And because their eyes are open to the gift and because their hearts are filled with gratitude, they receive still more from God: not only physical healing but the salvation of their souls that unites them to God’s People and to the worship and sacrifice offered to the true God!

 Over time the biblical imagery of the physical malady of leprosy has become a figure of spiritual malady.  While we are not concerned about the transmission of leprosy in our community, we can apply a broader spiritual lesson to our lives.  In particular, I want to encourage an application of the lesson to our life as Christian stewards.  The spiritual lessons come from what the Gospel tells us happened as the lepers were leaving Jesus.  Listen again, “As they were going they were cleansed.  And one of them, realizing he had been healed, returned, glorifying God…; and he fell at the feet of Jesus and thanked him.”  Some fundamental but critical spiritual lessons come from this description.  These lessons from the one leper should be part of our lives.  The lessons are threefold: realizing, making a return, and glorifying or thanking God.

The lesson of realizing is being aware of what God does for us, being aware of what is given us, and how we are blessed.  It is a self-awareness and an awareness about God.  It is not a call to self-absorption, but rather it is a lesson to be more reflective, prayerful, and recollected so that we take notice of what is happening in us and around us, especially as it regards our life with God.  Being aware in the spiritual life takes effort and practice.  We are often so busy about the things of the physical realm, the things our senses can perceive, that we leave largely untrained and undeveloped the skill of taking notice of our soul and the movements of the spiritual realm.  The simple comment of the Gospel highlights, however, just what a difference this lesson makes.  All the lepers were cleansed.  Apparently only one was aware.  Only one noticed.  Only one realized.  The other nine kept going their way.  The awareness of the one, led him back to a deeper encounter with God Himself.  See, then, how important a practice awareness is?!

The second lesson is making a return.  When we are reflective and train ourselves in spiritual awareness we are less likely to miss what is going on in our life with God.  Being more in tune with God’s movements and His blessings in our lives, we then are in a position to respond by making a return to Him.  Without developing this lesson, we risk, like the other nine lepers, going on our merry way unaware of both how we have already been blessed by God and how we might be still more blessed if we made a return and remained in God’s presence, remained where He is clearly bestowing His blessings.

 The third lesson is glorifying and thanking God.  God deserves and is owed our praise.  Recall the Alleluia verse?  “In all circumstances, give thanks!”  Our individual prayer, our virtuous living as temples of the Holy Spirit, and our worship at Holy Mass and adoration in the chapel are all important ways we glorify God.  Given that the Greek word for “giving thanks,” used in this Gospel passage when the one leper thanked Jesus, given that the word is eucharisteo, we have a clear connection to the Holy Eucharist.  This takes on a deeper meaning for us as Catholics in that being present at Mass to worship and taking time to be before the Lord in our adoration chapel are clear connections to the giving thanks that is the very heart of the Holy Eucharist.

 What we see in this Gospel passage is that these spiritual practices of realizing what God is doing, making a return, and glorifying and thanking Him in Jesus, are not only appropriate ways by which we celebrate what God generously gives us, but these practices open us to even more blessings from God.  Notice all ten lepers received the blessing of healing, but only the one received still more, for he heard that not only his flesh, but his soul, was healed: “Stand up and go; your faith has saved you.”

 Given today’s Gospel lessons about awareness, making a return, and giving thanks we might ask ourselves: Do I seek to be aware and to count the blessings I have?  Am I grateful to God for what He has done in my life?  Do I thank Him in the prayers and offerings of the Holy Mass?  Do I thank Him by making a commitment to time in adoration in our chapel?  Am I grateful for the people and things, the skills and blessings, God has put into my life?  How do I express that gratitude?  Do I give back to God?  I think awareness, gratitude, and stewardship have a direct connection: When you take time to reflect, and to notice, and to be aware of the gifts you have been given, you quite easily want to give back.  This is the habit I urge you to form.  It will reap benefits in your life.  It will reap benefits in our parish life as we seek to meet the demands of running a parish.  And it will reap benefits in the lives of others we seek to serve.

In today’s passage faith is what saves the leper.  Awareness/realizing – making a return – thanking God – and increased faith and trust all go hand in hand.  If you will work to be reflective and aware in your spiritual life, you’ll find more blessings.  You’ll be more grateful.  It will be much easier to give back to God.  And you will receive still more, since your awareness and gratitude lead you back to God in all things, helping you remain in His sight and in the place where He bestows richer blessings than you can imagine. 

Twenty-Seventh Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XXVII per Annum C
5 October 2025

 For many weeks now we have been hearing the Lord’s teaching while on an extended journey to Jerusalem.  This section of St. Luke’s Gospel contains many challenging parables.  We have heard parables about the cost of discipleship over these weeks.  We have heard parables about repentance, being lost, and the extravagant mercy of God who searches us out.  We have heard parables about the proper use of wealth and riches, and the call to put our resources at the service of others as good stewards.  Today we are reminded that we are servants who have duties to fulfill and that we ought not fulfill those duties as if expecting some particular praise or reward for doing what we simply should do.  We have done only what we were obliged to do, to use words from the Gospel.  We each face many challenges in life and in living the faith.  We are not promised that we will navigate this life without difficulty.  We are not promised that the final resolution to suffering and challenge will be here in this life.  With this in mind, I bet the prayer of the Apostles could easily be the prayer each of us makes to Jesus: “Increase our faith.”

 Now the Apostles by this point certainly already had faith.  They had a type of faith.  They had encountered Jesus, and they had been changed.  They had come to believe in him.  Yet, they must walk with him and journey through life encountering all the things, all the ups and downs, that life brings to any one of us.  That the Apostles ask that their faith be increased is a reminder to us that faith is not static.  It is something that must grow.  We might even consider that hearing the series of challenging parables from the Lord, parables presented to us these past many weeks, we might suggest that the Apostles, in asking “increase our faith”, are also asking that their trust be increased.  The personal trust of the believer is, after all, another meaning of the word “faith”.  In other words, they are not seeking only the faith that believes intellectually in things (that is one meaning of the word “faith”), but also the faith that leads them to deeper trust to maintain their relationship with the Lord through all that life brings.

Responding to the prayer for increased faith, increased trust, Jesus uses the simple example of the mulberry tree.  He says, even if you have only a little faith, “you would say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted and planted in the sea,’ and it would obey you.”  The example highlights two unlikely, and even impossible things.  First, a mulberry tree is known to have such a broad, expansive, and deep root system that it is unlikely you are going to uproot it.  Second, a tree is not going to be planted in the sea and survive.  The idea with this image then is that faith has the ability to do things beyond our capabilities.  Faith can do the seemingly impossible.  And it does so, not because of us but, because of God’s power.  It is God who accomplishes things when we let Him act, when we give up the control we like to maintain, when we have faith that calls out to Him for things we ourselves cannot achieve.

 Each of us faces moments and events of life that test us and that leave us feeling powerless.  The first reading from the Prophet Habakkuk demonstrates this and uses words that might resonate with us in our challenges.  “How long, O Lord?  I cry for help but you do not listen!... Why do you let me see ruin; why must I look at misery?”  Again, in this fallen world we are not promised an easy passage.  Suffering comes and it may last for a long time and it may come frequently.  We want answers and solutions and happy resolutions here.  But the word of the Lord through the Prophet Habakkuk calls us to have faith in the vision of the Lord’s promises to come.  That vision, the Lord says, “presses on to fulfillment…. If it delays, wait for it, it will surely come…. The rash one has no integrity; but the just one, because of his faith, shall live.”  There will be challenge and suffering in this life, yes, but the one who has faith shall endure and shall live.

And so, we come to the words of Psalm 95, the responsorial psalm of this Holy Mass, a psalm that the Church prays daily at the first prayer time of each day in the Liturgy of the Hours, called the Invitatory.  That psalm begins by referring to the Lord God as the Rock of our salvation.  That image is not just a generic image for strength and solid foundation.  Rather, it is a direct reference to the experience of God’s People in the exodus and desert wanderings.  The rock is the rock that Moses struck to provide the people water in the desert at Meribah and Massah.  There, as the people were being led by God and provided for by Him in the desert, they were given water to drink yet at the same time they doubted.  They failed to completely trust.  In the very moment of being provided water the people were saying, “Is the Lord in our midst or not?”  The harshness of the desert caused them to forget and to doubt, and to do so quickly.  And so, the section of the psalm we use today references that very event saying, “Harden not your hearts as at Meribah, as in the day of Massah in the desert, where your fathers tempted me; they tested me though they had seen my works.”  It's a clear connection for us that the Church is making to the difficulties and harshness of this life and how it causes us to forget God and to doubt, and to do so oh so quickly. 

The Church recognizes the challenges that life brings and recognizes that even in the midst of blessings and God’s workings among us we are tempted to doubt and to lack faith.  The Church recognizes that we need greater trust because we lose perspective and focus in the “deserts” of our life, the deserts of our personal suffering, and also the deserts of so much suffering, war, poverty, hopelessness, and senseless violence around us.  Just like the People of Israel did, we, too, have our places of contention and grumbling and testing.  We have “our Meribahs” and “our Massahs”.  And so, at the beginning of each day in the Liturgy of the Hours, not knowing what may come our way, the Church places on our collective lips this very experience from the desert wanderings.  Whether you pray the Liturgy of the Hours or not, the whole Church is speaking and praying these words through priests, religious, and those lay people who do so.  We use these same words today, “If today you hear his voice, harden not your hearts.”  Like the Apostles we call out to the Lord, “Increase our faith.”  We are not asking only for an increase of intellectual assent and belief, as important as that is.  Rather, we are also begging the Lord to increase our trust in His presence and His saving action in our lives and in our world, which needs Him so desperately in this valley of tears.  We beg that our vision and perspective may be purified in all things – all the moments and events and the deserts that life brings us – that we may let God work to do the things we cannot see or achieve on our own.

The Exaltation of the Holy Cross

Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
14 September 2025

 I want to focus on the selection from the Book of Numbers.  It is important for this feast, but also for appreciating the sacramental life that is such second-nature to Catholics.  The Catholic Faith professes belief that God’s decision to unite Himself to the created world by taking on human flesh in the incarnation has important implications.  One implication is that matter, the stuff of the ordinary world around us, can be used by God and raised to a special purpose.  God’s use of created things means that just beyond what our senses can perceive in the ordinary is a deeper reality of things extraordinary.  This implication is a foundation of how we understand the sacraments, those seven special gifts of God’s life and power.  For example, water is part of the natural process of giving birth, water supports life, and water is used to wash clean.  In and of itself, the substance, the stuff of water has no power to bring about spiritual life or to wash sins away.  However, when employed by God in the sacrament of baptism, water is part of the process of coming to spiritual birth, baptismal water supports the life of the soul, and baptismal water cleanses us from sin.  Sacraments, because they are established by Christ, are obviously New Covenant realities that did not exist in the Old Covenant.  However, given that Catholicism can be so misunderstood and suffer from claims of not being Bible-based, I think it is so important for us to see just how consistent with Scripture our faith is.  I want to make a claim that some might find surprising.  Though sacraments, properly speaking, are new covenant realities, the logic and principle of the sacraments, meaning how sacraments work, is already present in the Old Covenant and visible in selections like today’s from the Book of Numbers.  In other words, hundreds of years before Jesus established the seven sacraments in his Church, the idea of what a sacrament is can already be seen in God’s action in the Old Testament.

 Consider the event of the first reading.  God’s people complained about the harsh conditions in the desert as He was leading them away from Egypt.  As punishment for their rebellion against Him and their lack of faith, God sent poisonous snakes.  Those who were bitten died.  When the people cried out for mercy, what was God’s response and solution?  God gave the curious instruction that Moses was to make the figure of a snake and raise it on a pole.  Those who looked up at the snake were saved from the effects of the poison.  That is the logic and the principle of how the sacraments work.  And that is in the Old Testament, well before Jesus and well before his Church!  There is nothing about bronze, or the shape of a serpent, or about raising something on a pole that saves a man from the poison of venom.  God certainly didn’t need to use such things to save His people.  But He chose to use the matter, the ordinary stuff of the world to be a vehicle by which he would accomplish this saving action.  And thus, something that has no life-preserving power (bronze, serpent, a pole) does have such power when employed by God according to His will.  While we may not know why God chooses to act in this way, we might reasonably suggest that, in at least some cases, God chooses to respond to His people’s needs in sense perceptible ways so that His people know He is present and active.  He Himself doesn’t need sense perceptible ordinary things.  But in His mercy, He chooses at times to make use of such means for human beings who do interact with the created world through the senses.  The event of the bronze serpent shows us the logic and principle of the sacraments, and it shows us this at work even in the Old Testament.

Now let’s look at what the bronze serpent teaches us about the Holy Cross.  First, notice the inconsistency in the complaint of the people.  They complain that God has taken them into the desert “where there is no food or water”.  Yet, the very next complaint is, “We are disgusted with this wretched food!”  In other words, yes, the desert is harsh, but God provides for them.  The issue is that they simply do not like the way God provides nor what He provides.  In fact let’s recall, God had already given them water from the rock, quail, and the bread-like substance called manna.  So, when we read that the Israelites express disgust at this wretched food, we should recognize those words for the ingratitude and sacrilege that they are.  It is deeply offensive to God’s generosity.  And thus, the punishment of the saraph serpents.  Also, notice how God answered their prayer for mercy.  The Israelites asked Moses to “pray the Lord to take the serpents from us”.  God answered the prayer, but He did not take the serpents away.  Rather, He provided a method by which the people could be preserved from the effects of the venom.  The very implication of making a bronze serpent to be looked upon means that the saraph serpents were still there, people were still being bitten, but now they had a way to be saved.  And what was that way?  Those bitten had to look upon, to gaze upon the bronze serpent.  What did that accomplish?  The people had to look upon the effects of their complaining and rebellion against God.  He would not let them forget their rebellion and its effects, even as He devised a plan to save them.  The people had to look upon the bronze serpent and see in it a reminder of what their rebellion had brought to them.  One wonders, did everyone who was bitten look upon the bronze serpent?  Did some do so believing that God would save them?  Did others lack faith and refuse to obey, refuse to look upon the serpent, and so die?

The bronze serpent is clearly a type of how the Lord himself would be lifted up, exalted on the Cross.  The Cross of the Lord fulfills this event from the Book of Numbers.  Have you ever heard criticism because catholics typically have not empty crosses, but crosses bearing the corpus, that is the image of Christ on it?  Some make the claim that this is a sign that Catholics think Jesus is still on the cross, as if he has not resurrected.  That is as silly of a claim as suggesting that because we like Nativity Scenes at Christmas, we still think Jesus is a baby in a manger.  But more to the point, it is Jesus who saves us.  It is Jesus on a cross that saves us.  It is not an empty or bare cross that saves us.  Again, the Book of Numbers: Did God instruct those bitten by snakes to look upon the pole only?  No, He instructed them to look upon the serpent.  It is not an empty or bare pole that saved them.  Just so, we look upon a cross bearing the Body of the Lord because it is he who saves us.  And why is it important that the cross have the Body of the Lord?  Because, just like the bronze serpent, we are to look upon the effects of our sin.  When we look upon the Son of Man lifted up on the cross, we must see and acknowledge what our sins do.  They are deserving of death and they brought about the death of Jesus, the Son of God.  God Himself came to pay the price for our sins.  Only a fool would dismiss his sin and pretend it does not have real consequences.  Let’s be clear, it is not an empty, thoughtless looking upon the Lord on the Cross that saves.  The Gospel says, “Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life”.  Our gazing upon the Lord cannot be a passive or empty act.  It must be done with faith and conviction for it to communicate its saving effects to us.

At Holy Mass we come to participate in, and to have presented to us, the same saving grace of the one sacrifice of Christ on the Cross.  Have we complained or disregarded God’s action?  Have we committed our own sacrilege by disregarding the Holy Eucharist as somehow “wretched food”, or receiving it unworthily, or almost ignoring it?  Do we look upon the image of the Lord’s cross in a passive way, glancing but not letting it drive us to truly believe and change our lives?  Do we ignore the effects of our sin by rarely confessing, even though seeing the Son of Man lifted up should be a reminder of our sinful rebellion?  Do we see in the image of the exaltation of the Holy Cross the sign of how “God so loved the world that he gave his only Son”?  Do we have gratitude for the love of God and let that love motivate us to love Him with repentance, faith, and worship?  At every Holy Mass, in the midst of the desert of our own struggles, we have presented to us the one same lifting up of the Lord, who gives himself to us as food, a saving remedy for the venom of sin, and protection on the journey to the Promised Land of Heaven.  Yes, we look upon Christ, and him crucified (1 Cor. 2:2), because by his holy cross he has redeemed the world! 

Twenty-Third Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XXIII per Annum C
7 September 2025

 If he had one, imagine being the Press Secretary for the Lord.  At the meeting to prepare for Monday’s Press Conference, one staffer tells you, “We have a little something brewing that we better prepare for.  The Lord said that you can’t be his disciple unless you hate.”

You say: “Hate.  He said that, huh?  Okay, well, I’m sure that was some sort of generalized comment, right?”

The staffer responds, “It was, uh, fairly specific and detailed.  He said you can’t be his disciple unless you hate those closest to you, your family, and even your own life and possessions.”

“Oh my,” you say.  “Let’s not overreact.  I’m sure he said this, what, privately to the apostles?”

The staffer adds, “Yeah, about that… great crowds were traveling with him and he turned and addressed them directly.”

“If anyone comes to me without hating his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple.  Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple.”  And at the end of today’s passage, “[A]nyone of you who does not renounce all his possessions cannot be my disciple.”

These are some very tough words.  We should seek to understand them and we should let them impact our way of life.  I think there are two lessons to point out here.

The first is simple, but a critical foundational point.  I think we should acknowledge the implicit claim Jesus is making.  Jesus is a Jew.  The commands of the law are normative for Jews.  The commands say that the Lord is God and you should have no other gods before Him.  Furthermore, God deserves the entirety of a person’s love and devotion.  The first and the greatest command is that you should love the Lord your God with all your heart, all your mind, and all your strength.  So, recognize the implicit claim that Jesus is making.  Who can claim or demand a love and a dedication like that?  Who gets to say that loving him with all that you are and all that you have is the requirement?  It’s God who makes that claim!  So, for the Lord to say that you cannot be his disciple if you place other relationships and other things ahead of him is an implicit claim that he is God.  He doesn’t come right out and say it, but the claim results in the same conclusion.  He is God and there can be no other gods before him and he deserves our first love.  The one we follow is God and so we take his words seriously, including the words that seriously challenge us.

And that raises the second lesson that we need to examine for ourselves.  Are we challenged by belonging to the Lord?  Do we feel the pinch of following him?  Let’s face it, sometimes it can be a gut punch.  Do we feel the cost of following him?  I belong to a few organizations that don’t require much of the membership.  I bet you have a few like that too.  You might pay the annual dues.  Maybe you attend a meeting every once in a while.  But it doesn’t require much.  That cannot be the way it is with following the Lord.  So, we should ask ourselves whether we feel any cost to being a disciple?  If we don’t feel a cost, we might be deluding ourselves about belonging the Lord.  Or at best, if we don’t feel a cost in the smaller choices we make in life, the choices in our behavior, then we might be setting ourself up for failure when the bigger costs come.

The Lord gives a clear and stark lesson in today’s gospel: Calculate the cost of the project of following him.  Do you experience a cost in following the Lord?  Don’t we usually sort of act as if it is only the martyrs, or the apostles, or great saints – in other words, a select few – who pay a cost, while the vast majority of us live a less costly form of being Christian?  But the gospel doesn’t let us get away with that idea.  Notice Jesus’ words today are not a private lesson for a select few of his disciples.  Rather, the gospel is clear that Jesus addresses this lesson about cost to everyone for he is speaking not to a select few but to “great crowds.”

I should probably say something about the word “hate”.  The word in Greek that St. Luke places on Jesus’ lips does literally mean “to hate”.  But the context is important to understand shades of meaning.  You can look at parallel passages in the other Gospels to help you understand the meaning.  So, in this case, if we look at the parallel passage in St. Matthew’s Gospel (cf. Mt. 10:37) where the Lord gives this same lesson we find this wording: “He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me; and he who does not take his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.”  Luke’s version is meant to be shocking and to get us calculating our lives as disciples.  But with this other passage in mind, we can see that the Lord is not telling us that we should set out to hate others or our own life or our possessions, at least not in the way the word “hate” sounds to our ears.  Rather, he is saying that he must have first place.  We cannot prefer other relationships or our own life or our possessions to him, if we are truly his disciples.  Now, in properly understanding the use of the word “hate” we should not dismiss the force of the Lord’s lesson or somehow walk away thinking that we should remain comfortable in a discipleship that costs little.  No.  The Gospel tells us that we must feel the cost of belonging to the Lord.

Does the time you make to be with the Lord in personal prayer require a sacrifice?  Do you feel that pinch?  Do other activities get attention while prayer seems to take the back seat?  How might we calculate the cost of belonging to the Lord by guarding dedicated time for prayer?  If worshiping the Lord at Mass is skipped, or if I’m inside these walls but texting or surfing the internet or watching videos, or if I regularly walk out of Mass early, does that demonstrate that I need to change my priorities?

Does my pattern of repentance and confession demonstrate the pinch of admitting where I am placing other things before the Lord?  Am I complacent about my sins such that I remain in relationship with them and weaken my resolve to be in moral communion with the Lord?

Unconverted ears would bristle at the idea, but how Gospel-like would it be if in family relationships or dating or marriage, we could say to our loved ones, “You’re not number one in my life only because God is first.”  In fact, the disciple is called to believe that to love God first and so to be filled with His love, actually helps us love others better.

Is there a cost to your possessions by being a disciple?  If you calculate the cost of following the Lord, you believe that all that you have is actually His blessing to you, to be used for His glory and His mission.  And in gratitude, you seek to be a sacrificial giver to those in need, to your parish, to good charities, to souls who can be served by your time, talent, and treasure.  Today we are challenged to calculate the cost of how we hold onto and also how we give from our possessions and from our talents to serve others.  Do you make sacrifice from your gifts?

The tough words of the Gospel today taken together with the first reading challenge us to see where true wisdom lies.  We are called to see the limits of a merely human wisdom.  “For the deliberations of mortals are timid, and unsure.”  Loving the Lord first and giving of ourselves prepares us to be less selfish and to be more holy, more like the Lord whose life is our pattern.  Following the Lord in this way prepares us on Judgment Day to be less foolish.

Twentieth Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XX per Annum C
17 August 2025

 Last Sunday, the Gospel passage gave us a clear call to be vigilant and prepared for the Lord’s return and for our coming judgment.  Last Sunday’s images of servants awaiting their master’s return from a wedding and a homeowner who does not know when a thief may strike, taught us that “at an hour you do not expect, the Son of Man will come”.  And while our impending judgment usually carries with it some sense of threat and fear, I noted in last Sunday’s homily that we should temper that with real hope because of the generous love of God.  We have such hope because in the image of servants awaiting their master’s return, the Lord says he will have them sit at table and wait on them.

 If Catholic worship were marked by spectacle and theatrics, immediately upon this summary from last week, we might have a loud record scratch sound played over the speakers to alert you to a sudden change in focus.  For today’s Gospel passage gives us a rather different picture.  In fact, it gives us a picture of Jesus that doesn’t fit well with modern and progressive notions of a “feel good” religion, or a religion marked by love without demands.  Jesus announces that he has come to set the earth on fire.  He dismisses the notion that he has come to establish peace on the earth.  Instead, he says he has come to establish division.  Because of him and belief in him, the Lord goes on to describe divisions among family members and in households.  So much for the Prince of Peace and progressive notions of the brotherhood of man!  So much for humanism passing as authentic religion!  The image of setting the earth on fire goes hand in hand with the meaning here of the baptism of which the Lord speaks.  Baptism is about being immersed or drowned.  By referencing water and fire, the Gospel is using two images of destruction.  Both water and fire were two images of how God would recreate the world in the ancient Jewish idea of the end times.  God would destroy the world and then restore it by means of water and fire.  In fact, think of the story of the flood and you see the ancient mind about end times and destruction leading to renewal (in that case by means of water).  So, it was that a time of testing and destruction was expected by Jews, that would be marked by fire, before a time of restoration would be brought about by God.  Despite what I said last weekend that was meant to temper fear and threat, it seems this weekend that we should be more wary and concerned about what things will be like when the Lord comes as judge, what things will be like when the end times take place.

 The truth is, we have to hold together at one time BOTH a sense of hope and confidence in the generous love of God at our judgment AND a sense of reverent fear, a certain type of uneasiness about the end times and our coming judgment.  In other words, we have to occupy the space of some tension between two extremes.  We have to avoid the sin of presumption, meaning that we regard God’s commands and the punishment due for sin as of little concern, such that we presume we are among the saved.  At the same time, we have to avoid the sin of despair, meaning that we have little trust in God’s desire for our salvation and we think our cause is hopeless, such that we are paralyzed in fear before the idea of the end times and our coming judgment.  Both presumption and despair are sins.  We have to occupy space between them, managing to challenge ourselves to battle sin and grow in holiness while, at the same time, knowing that we cannot save ourselves, but rather entrust ourselves to a loving God who does everything to make our salvation possible.

With all this in mind, we can say the Gospel seeks to correct an overly optimistic expectation about eschatology (a word meaning belief about the end times).  Jesus tells his disciples that it will not be easy.  Truthfully, the only way we can make sense of these and other competing images in the Scriptures is to read them in a catholic way, meaning we do not cherry-pick one image or another; rather, we read the whole of the Scriptures and keep the entirety before our eyes.  Or, as I said a few moments ago, a catholic way of holding all this together, is that we have to occupy the space of some tension between two extremes.  Preaching only a frightening, hellfire and damnation gospel where almost no one is saved would not be accurate.  Likewise, preaching only a humanistic, undemanding gospel where everyone is saved, skipping along the yellow-brick road to heaven would not be accurate.  The Jewish idea of the end times, an idea that we maintain in the Christian faith, is that a period of testing and tribulation will take place before there is restoration, salvation, and the full arrival of God’s Kingdom of peace.  There is no salvation, no kingdom of peace without a time of trial and division first.  Just as there is no resurrection without the cross first.  No Easter Sunday without Good Friday first.  In fact, the Lord’s words about family division are a quote from the Book of the Prophet Micah (Micah 7:6) describing the very time of testing and trial before the coming day of God’s restoration of Israel.

If you are like me, perhaps you can admit times of discouragement in life.  We get worn down by the challenges of life and the battles, both internal and external.  We find ourselves listening to a message and false gospel that somehow all of this should just be easier.  I mean, if God is God and if we are His people, shouldn’t things be easier?  There might be that interior voice saying, “What is my penance on another Friday going to matter anyhow?  I think I’ll just go to Mahogany [steakhouse] instead.”  Do we need to do Lent again?  Gosh, it is so long.  Can’t it just be Easter all the time?  Nope.  That is not the truth.  It is not the message of the Scriptures.  It is not the message of the Lord.  There is work and struggle and battle to take place, even as we express confidence in God’s mercy, joy in ongoing conversion, and hope for when we meet the Judge.  If we find ourselves presuming God’s mercy and going light on the need to battle sin and to confess it, then we should course correct and take on more rigorous work for conversion.  If we find ourselves in despair and thinking God has us under a microscope, ready to strike us at any moment, then we should course correct and spend time in prayer considering God’s love and expressing hope.

The second reading captures this tension well in telling us to “persevere in running the race” and to keep our eyes fixed on Jesus who embodies this tension.  Listen again to how the inspired words from the Letter to the Hebrews describe the space the Lord occupies in this tension: “For the sake of the joy that lay before him he endured the cross, despising its shame…. Consider how he endured such opposition from sinners, in order that you may not grow weary and lose heart”.

Nineteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XIX per Annum C
10 August 2025

  A fundamental truth about our faith and where it leads us results in the consistent understanding that we must be prepared.  We must be prepared to live our relationship with the Lord Jesus in such a way that it transforms us into people of greater holiness.  God has come to us in the flesh to show us how to live the faith in such a way that it changes us and our world for the better.  We are called to be prepared, however, not only for life in the here and now.  Rather, we understand that God has made us for life eternal with Him.  That life is something we must desire and choose.  And so, we must be prepared to meet the Lord when he comes again.  “Prepared”, in this sense, carries with it the full meaning of living our faith in such a communion with God so that we can enter the fullness of that communion in Heaven.  Sin and obstacles to our communion with God would certainly not be good examples of living in such a way as to be prepared to meet the Lord.

 We typically hear this message of preparedness most regularly toward the end of the Church’s liturgical year.  Being prepared for the Lord’s return fits well at the end of the year when, at that time, we are moving into Advent and its message of preparation for the Lord’s arrival: a twofold preparation for his arrival at the celebration of his birth and for his arrival as Judge at the end of time.  But it is good to have this message on the forefront of our minds each and every day.  Today, we get this little reminder of the preparation required of disciples.  Both the images of servants awaiting their master’s return from a wedding and a homeowner protecting his house from a thief serve to call disciples of the Lord to vigilance and preparedness for his return.  The message is quite simple, quite clear, quite direct, and quite consistent for every day of our life as a disciple: You must be prepared!

Let’s a take a look at both of the images the Lord uses.  We’ll start with the second image first.  “If the master of the house had known the hour when the thief was coming, he would not have let his house be broken into.”  This image is unusual and surprising because the Lord seems to be comparing himself to a thief.  The implication here is not that the Lord commits crime or that he comes to do evil.  Rather, the message is that the thief has the element of surprise.  The lesson here, which is consistent in other Scripture passages, is that we do not and we will not have the advantage of knowing when the Lord will return, much like a homeowner does not know exactly when a thief may come.  The Lord is not coming to be a thief.  But he is coming at the end of time as our Judge.  We must be prepared for this second coming and its judgement.  In Christan history there can be quite a lot of speculation made by those who attempt to read signs and predict when the Lord will return.  Some even make specific claims.  Such claims don’t age well.  Those who believe in the Scriptures as God’s Word know that we will not know the day nor the hour.  So, we can only seek to live each day as an opportunity for our communion with the Lord so that we are prepared for whenever he comes.

The first image the Lord uses is that of servants awaiting their master’s return from a wedding.  The servants must be in a state of preparedness such that whenever he comes, they are ready to open the door and welcome him in.  The image goes on to indicate that he could come at any point throughout the night.  The implication here is that the master could return even into those late hours when servants are inclined to be tired and to be asleep.  The servants who are vigilant at any hour will find themselves among the blessed.  You may know that Jewish wedding celebrations would go on for days.  There was feasting, dancing, celebrating, and even a procession carrying the bride to her new home with her husband.  The result is that servants truly would not know at what point their master might return on any given day or night of an ongoing wedding party.  So, to be vigilant and ready is what would make one blessed. 

As disciples, if we are listening to the Lord and his lessons in these images, then we know that he is the master and we are the servants.  We must examine ourselves to see whether we are living the faith so that we are prepared to meet him when he comes.  Are we living the faith in such a way that we are found vigilant and ready to face judgment?  To continue the imagery, we slumber and are not ready when our lives are more motivated by secular values and goals.  We are growing tired and falling asleep on the job when we are lazy about our moral life and when we lack zeal to make change by confession and growth in virtue.  If we are living apart from the sacraments and not addressing what impedes reception of Holy Communion, or what impedes having a marriage as a sacrament in the Catholic Church, then we are drifting and getting drowsy.  If there is frequently some excuse for why personal prayer is not happening at home, then we may be servants who are ill-prepared.  If we aren’t sharing the faith with our children and others around us, that is to say, if we aren’t disciples who know that we are called to make other disciples, then the master’s knock on the door may catch us off guard.  There are so many other ways to examine our lives in light of the call to be prepared and vigilant.

Typically, this call to be ready for judgment carries with it some fear and threat.  Our judgment is certainly described that way in the Scriptures.  But, that is not the only way.  In fact, this parable and the image of the Lord as a master returning from a wedding has a twist.  It should give us hope.  In the parable, the Lord claims something that no master would do.  He says that those servants who are vigilant and ready for the master’s return are not only blessed because of that vigilance… they are actually doubly blessed, by what the master does next.  The master seats them at table, dresses himself as the servant, and waits on them.  Our call to be vigilant as disciples hearkens back to the Passover when Jews were to gird their loins, that is, lift up their ankle-length garments in order to be ready to move and travel after the Passover.  That journey happened at night.  And so, today’s parable also carries that image of nighttime passage by the charge to “light your lamps”, along with “gird your loins”.  Jewish expectation for the Messiah was that he would return at night during a passover meal.  We disciples of the New Covenant, can’t help but see the imagery of this parable in light of what the Lord did at the Last Supper.  A Passover meal at night where the master, the Lord, seated his servants at table and gave them his very self as food for the journey.  We can’t help but see Eucharistic imagery in this parable.  Servants who examine their lives and who are living the faith in such a way as to be vigilant, will find the immense generosity of the Lord who comes to judge.  For he is the master who does what no other master would do: he lowers himself, he humbles himself to serve his servants.  So, we find hope in the Lord who humbled himself to come near to us in our flesh, who humbled himself to die for us on the Cross, to save us, and to feed us with his living presence in the Holy Eucharist.  That immense love of God for us, in turn, motivates us to heed his call to be vigilant and prepared.  For we want to grow in love and life with the One who loves us.  We will not and cannot know the day or the hour of his return.  But we can take each day to grow in deeper life with the Lord who is coming.

Sixteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XVI per Annum C
20 July 2025

 In the first reading, Abraham welcomed and quickly gave focused hospitality to the Lord God, desiring to have the Lord stay with him and providing a meal to the mysterious three figures.  In the Gospel account of Jesus’ visit to the home of Martha and her sister, Mary, welcome and hospitality are also a clear theme.  But I want to suggest that the Gospel goes further and provides an important lesson about what it means to truly welcome the Lord and to provide him hospitality.

In the Gospel selection we are told that Jesus entered a village where “Martha welcomed him”.  We quickly get the sense of all the many things Martha does to provide hospitality and to welcome the Lord.  The Gospel tells us that Martha is “burdened with much serving”.  The Lord’s response to Martha tells us still more: she is “anxious and worried about many things”.  I want to add here that offering hospitality and welcome is a real skill and a gift.  I am sure you can think of times when you have been welcomed into someone’s home.  Some people have the skill to make you feel very comfortable in their home.  It shows when a host plans and takes great care over so many things to make you feel welcome.  Generally speaking, as a culture we value hospitality and welcome.  But we need to go deeper than the cultural value of hospitality.  With the Gospel passage in mind, we need to consider what is involved with truly welcoming the Lord into one’s life.  Or maybe I should say, we need to consider what is involved with truly welcoming the Lord into one’s life in the way the Lord wants to be welcomed.

I make that distinction because while the Gospel tells us that Martha welcomed Jesus, her example is clearly not the one being promoted in the Gospel and not the one the Lord favors.  Rather, it is the example and the posture of Mary that is being promoted and favored.  I think this lesson is challenging for many of us, maybe even most of us.  It might cause some discomfort and ruffle a few feathers in our busy lives.  Honestly, we need to let the Gospel challenge us in this way.  So, what is it about Mary’s posture that is worth following and is favored by the Lord?  The Gospel tells us that Mary “sat beside the Lord at his feet listening to him speak”.  What is noteworthy here is that description of sitting at the Lord’s feet.  That posture is the posture of a disciple.  In fact, it was a common turn of phrase in the ancient world to describe a student.  The student sits at the teacher’s feet.  So, Mary is presented here in the posture of a disciple who is listening to the master and learning from him.  Her posture calls to mind a lesson from the Old Testament, recorded in Deuteronomy (8:3) which says, “not by bread alone does man live, but by every word that comes forth from the mouth of the Lord.”  While we know from a few places in the Bible that both Martha and Mary are close friends of Jesus and are his followers, we learn an important lesson about a tendency that can get in the way of an authentic welcoming of the Lord in our own lives as disciples.  This gets at the heart of the question: Are we welcoming the Lord into our lives in the way he wants to be welcomed?

I want to be clear: in placing before us the image of Martha and the image of Mary, the Gospel is not indicating that Martha is somehow bad.  The Gospel is not telling us that hospitality and welcome should not be values.  But there is a risk to be like Martha in that we mean to welcome the Lord, we intend to follow him, we mean to be about his business… but if we don’t recognize and follow the primacy of sitting at his feet and listening to him, we aren’t providing the welcome space for him that we think we are providing.  In this context, the message is not that Martha is bad or that hospitality is bad.  The message is that the better part is the example of Mary who first listens to the Lord speak and learns from him, sitting at his feet.  In fact, to listen to the Lord and to be in his presence is the kind of attentive welcome that the Lord desires.

We live in a fast-paced world.  Quite regularly, I hear comments and hints from people that prayer life is not what it should be.  Personal prayer life may get little attention.  It may be practically non-existent.  We may be good about attending to prayer when it is something like the Holy Mass.  The obligatory character of it sort of motivates us.  But, what about personal prayer time daily?  What about the sacred time spent in our daily living whereby we speak to the Lord, but also leave room to listen to the Lord?  We can get wrapped up in so many things that we think are important.  We can get wrapped up even in religious things that are valuable.  But is that window dressing when we don’t make much time to be like Mary?  We might even adopt some of that attitude of Martha that is almost comical.  Not only are we busy and burdened and anxious about many things, but we even call out to the Lord, like Martha, and tell him he ought to tell the Marys around us that they should get up and get busy too!  Part of what this Gospel selection does for us is it rearranges our understanding of welcome and hospitality.  We likely think of welcome and hospitality as something we do, actions we take, something we give in order to provide for someone else.  But in our relationship with the Lord, we are challenged to accept that the way he wants to be welcomed is by our making time and space to adopt the posture of a disciple, to sit at his feet and to listen to him.  In that sense, our welcome is less about something we do or create, and more about our leaving space for him to occupy.  That is the better part for a disciple.

This means we need to examine our prayer life.  Attendance at Holy Mass every Sunday and holy day is a given.  Or, at least it should be.  But what about our personal commitment to welcoming the Lord by adopting the disciple’s posture of sitting with the Lord and listening to him?  For many of us, we might respond better to a committed time of prayer.  In that sense, participating with a time in our adoration chapel is a way in which you can welcome the Lord and find a real gift of calm and peace in an otherwise busy life.  You won’t regret seeking information in the bulletin or calling the office to become involved with adoration.  The prayerful reading and meditation on scripture is also a great act of hospitality to the Lord.  In that, we listen and reflect upon God’s Word and we let Him speak to us.  Other formulated prayers have a place too and they can help us, like Mary, choose the better part in the course of our day.  Life in the secular realm and even our religious deeds can be too hectic.  Often, we run the risk of convincing ourselves as disciples that we are doing the “work of the Lord” when we have not first spent time with the “Lord of the work”.  In the temptation to be busy about many things, which can become a replacement for the welcoming posture of a disciple exhibited by Mary, hear the Lord call to you, “You are anxious and worried about many things.  There is need of only one thing.  Mary has chosen the better part and it will not be taken from her”.

Fourteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time

Dominica XIV per Annum C
6 July 2025

 Every year in late spring and early summer there are a number of events having to do with the priesthood.  There are ordinations and anniversaries and many priests are beginning new assignments.  We are familiar with pointing to the Last Supper as the place where the Lord established the priesthood and the Holy Eucharist.  However, today’s Gospel passage is an important and unique passage that shows how Jesus appointed, not only the Apostles, but also other ministers with his authority.

The Gospel passage helps us see a priestly order, an expanding rank of ministers, that is established with sacred authority from the Lord in order to assist the apostles as coworkers and companions.  The apostles need assistants and so, here, a much larger group than the Twelve is chosen to form a rank second to the apostles.  The Lord is forming a priestly hierarchy for his Church.  Today, we use the terms “presbyters” or “priests” for this secondary rank.  That’s not surprising given that this passage has strong allusions to the passages in Exodus 24 and Numbers 11 when Moses chose 70 priestly elders at the time of the Exodus to help him with his overwhelming mission by ministering to the twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Ex. 24:1; Num. 11:16ff).

 We should note that these 72 (from the Gospel) do not simply volunteer.  Still less, they do not choose themselves.  They don’t give themselves the mission and they don’t simply present themselves as having credentials to minister with the Lord’s authority.  No, they are chosen, and they are chosen by the Lord who sends them out to prepare the way for his work.  They are to have a total dedication and to be free of distraction to minister in the name of the Lord.  We see this from the instruction that they are to carry no money bag, no sack, no sandals, and that they are to greet no one along the way.  They are to have a radical focus in proclaiming that the Kingdom of God is at hand.  Finally, in a verse that is unfortunately left out of both the shorter and the longer versions of this passage, we see the full extent of the authority the Lord shares with the 72, when the Lord says this about his chosen ministers: “Whoever listens to you listens to me.  Whoever rejects you rejects me.  And whoever rejects me rejects the one who sent me” (Lk. 10:16).   This is a strong declaration of apostolic authority.  And it also demonstrates the importance of being united to the one Church the Lord established.  I say this because the authority is given by the Lord.  It is not claimed for oneself by someone who decides to be a minister, and still less by someone who simply starts his own “church” or community.  Now, that is a challenging notion in our modern age where we are so accustomed to religion and church being like a commodity that one shops for and picks the version one likes, with options on every street corner.  To minister with real apostolic authority comes from the Lord and operates within his Church.

And having said all this about the divine authority the Lord bestows on his ministers, believe it or not, the Lord chooses real men, “average joe’s” we might say, to be sent out as his priests and to assist the work of the bishops who are the successors of the apostles.  This is the part of the passage I want to focus on this weekend.  The Lord instructs: “The harvest is abundant but the laborers are few; so ask the master of the harvest to send out laborers for his harvest” (Lk. 10:2).  My friends, we must do this.  We must pray to the Lord to send us the priestly workers we need.  And when I say we must pray for this, I mean we must speak to the Lord fervently and frequently.  We must also speak encouraging words to young men in our midst so that they have opportunities to hear the call.  This praying and this encouraging needs to happen, too, within families.  And so, I want to suggest in a particular way that parents, and especially fathers, be bold in speaking to sons about a reverence for the priesthood and a healthy pride you would have were a son to pursue a calling to the priesthood.

I am convinced that the Lord is calling young men, and even more young men from our parish.  I am also convinced that our age suffers from so much noise and distraction that obstacles make it easy for young men to dismiss the possibility that the Lord could be calling them to the priesthood.  It is rarely the perfect candidate who ends up making a good seminarian.  We need to avoid the tendency of expecting already well-polished priestly qualities when we look upon a grade school boy or a teenage and college-aged young man in your family and in the parish.  No, we are looking for simple qualities of prayerfulness, participation in parish life, and dedication to service and to the faith.  These can be the precursors to the calling.  The rest can be formed and polished in seminary and in ministry.

I think it needs to be said that we should also pray directly that the Lord’s strength removes obstacles from the hearts and minds of our boys and young men, obstacles that may cause them to quickly dismiss the idea of the priesthood as if it can’t be them or, as if they don’t have what it takes to be a future priest.  I suspect these kinds of obstacles frequently get in the way of a priestly vocation.  I think it is fair to say that if a boy or young man immediately dismisses the idea of the priesthood as something impossible for him, then he likely is not paying attention and is too easily dismissing what the Lord can do in him if the Lord is calling.  The rest of us also need obstacles removed from our hearts and minds.  We adults in the parish need to remember that we are looking for small signs, not already formed priests in the young men around us.  The ordinary, average joe shouldn’t be dismissed from our radar, and our prayer and invitation.  It could be your son.  It could be the boy who engages in some school pranks that we would probably call “bullying”.  It could be the boy who is terrible in the outfield, but better at shortstop.  It could be the guy who gets kicked out of a state park along with his Boy Scout troop on a campout.  It could be the guy who practices World Wrestling Federation moves on his younger brother in the living room.  It could be the young man who has some rather typical struggles with virtue.  It could be the guy who makes some bad choices before legal drinking age.  It could be the guy who takes your daughter to the prom.  It could be the guy who fails his first theology exam in seminary.  Are you catching on yet that all these “could bes” are real examples from my life?!  We clean up nicely, don’t we?!  And along with all that, all these unlikely examples, it could be the boy who also serves Mass.  It could be the guy who also sings in the choir, or prays in the chapel, or even who just sits in the pew nearby.  Yes, it could be your son, your brother, your nephew, your grandson, your friend, the guy in the pew around you.

The obstacles aren’t important to the Lord and are weak compared to what his grace and power can do in the people he chooses and calls.  Our job is to pray, and to invite, and to listen, and to be open to what the Lord wants to do in us and in those possible candidates he calls to the priesthood.  The priesthood is a rewarding life and a challenging life and a life full of meaning that impacts the world because it impacts souls and leads them to God and His Kingdom.  Pray to the master of the harvest that we produce from our families and our parish the future priests whom the Lord will send ahead of himself to prepare his way!

Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity

Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity
Proverbs 8:22-31; Ps. 8; Rom. 5:1-5; Jn. 16:12-15
15 June 2025

 On the Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity we commemorate the central and fundamental mystery that we receive and accept in faith.  We can say that our faith in the Trinity is the “mystery of mysteries” because it is a mystery about the very being of God Himself and, as such, is the center and foundation of everything else we believe.  The mystery of the Holy Trinity expresses our faith in how God exists, what His inner life is like – not just that He exists.  This aspect of our faith is something purely of God’s revelation, that is, His showing of Himself to us.  In other words, no human mind on its own would come up with the concept that the one God exists as Three Persons, were it not for God revealing this about Himself.  For this reason, I think we can say that this expression of our faith is a prime example of how we Catholics are obedient to the Sacred Scriptures.  I say that because the language of the Scriptures can help us understand why we accept in the obedience of faith this notion that God is one being in three divine Persons, a notion that is barely comprehensible to our minds.

Jesus’ own words give the first indication of a relationship that he has as Son with the Father.  By those very words, we can see how the Church would believe that in God there is something more than an isolated, solitary life.  Rather, there is a Father and a Son.  We hear today from St. John’s Gospel.  Listen to a selection of remarks from Jesus in other parts of the same Gospel.  I think they reveal some of the foundations that led the Church, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, to eventually give shape to, and to define, how we think God exists in Himself.  Jesus says, “Whoever has seen me has seen the Father…. Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me” (John 14:9, 10)?  Here not only are two relationships in God revealed, but also a clear indication of some type of oneness, for the Father and Son seem not to exist as two physical beings side-by-side, but as one in the other.  In John 16:28: Jesus says, “I came from the Father and have come into the world.  Now I am leaving the world and going back to the Father”.  Relational language that supports our faith that God is Trinity gets stronger in John 17 in Jesus’ prayer at the Last Supper.  He says, “Now glorify me Father, with you, with the glory that I had with you before the world began” (John 17:5).  There is a complete sharing of everything between the Father and the Son as we hear in these words of the Lord, “everything of mine is yours and everything of yours is mine” (John 17:10).  A strong revelation of the unity within God comes again as Jesus prays to the Father that the disciples may be one “Just as we [Father] are one” (John 17:11).  This unity language continues further on in John 17 “that they may all be one, as you, Father, are in me and I in you, that they also may be in us…. That they may be one as we are one” (John 17:21-22).

But we learn still more in that the Lord’s words also reveal another relationship in God: The Spirit of truth.  That is what today’s brief Gospel selection shows us.  The Lord says of this Spirit, “Everything that the Father has is mine; for this reason I told you that he [the Spirit] will take from what is mine and declare it to you” (John 16:15).  In other words, we learn that just as Jesus, the Son, has received and shared everything from the Father, likewise the Spirit of truth will take from this common treasury.  The Spirit shares in the “everything” of the Father and the Son; the Spirit does not speak a different revelation.  In time, this “Spirit of truth” would come to be understood as the Holy Spirit, the distinct third Person of the Trinity.  In fact, that unfolding understanding of the Third Person of the Trinity that developed in time sounds rather like what Jesus himself said, “I have much more to tell you, but you cannot bear it now.  But when he comes, the Spirit of truth, he will guide you to all truth” (John 16:12-13).

Now, I have sort of bombarded you with Scripture passages such that, if you weren’t aware that the Bible is a Catholic book, you might be tempted to think you had walked into a service at one of the many denominations that dot the landscape!  But I have shared these brief selections from Scripture to show the reason for why the Church would come up with an expression of faith like the Blessed Trinity.  The reason is not some arbitrary ivory-tower concept, but obedience to, and serious reflection upon, what the Scriptures reveal.  With all this in mind, that’s why I say that this mystery of the faith is a prime example of the humility by which we Catholics express the obedience of faith to God and to the Scriptures because we accept what our minds cannot grasp.  And we accept it because it has been revealed by God.  And God cannot deceive.

Therefore, we observe today our belief about God, that He is one divine being, one divine substance, and that within Himself are three distinct relationships of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.  Each Divine Person is co-equal and co-eternal.  They are not a division of substance, rendering each somehow one-third God, nor are they somehow three gods.  Rather, they are undivided in the unity of divine substance, yet distinct in the three relationships within the one Godhead.

I want to leave you with something about the Blessed Trinity that I hope you can take directly into your prayer life as a disciple, something that I hope will be more simple and practical.  Elsewhere in St. John’s Gospel, Jesus says this about what the Holy Spirit will accomplish in disciples when he is sent.  “On that day you will realize that I am in my Father and you are in me and I in you” (John 14:20).  When we respond to this gift of the Spirit and love the words and commands of Jesus, he says, “Whoever loves me will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our dwelling with him” (John 14:23).  No matter how much our minds can or cannot grasp of the mystery of the Holy Trinity, we have the astounding promise that we disciples are brought into the unity of the Divine Persons of the Blessed Trinity!  Provided we love and keep the Lord’s words, we receive the Father’s love and the Trinity comes to dwell in us.  Let this impact your own personal prayer.  We frequently begin and end our prayers marking ourselves with the sign of the cross as we call upon the Persons of the Trinity.  Why not take a few moments to directly acknowledge the presence of the Three Divine Persons in your prayer?  Really.  Even verbally.  You could say: I acknowledge you God the Father my Creator here with me.  I acknowledge you present God the Son who have taken on flesh to show me the nearness of God.  I acknowledge you God the Holy Spirit who come to dwell within me.  Distilled down to its most basic lesson for us, our faith in the Holy Trinity teaches us that God is not a “force” or an “energy” or an “abstract idea”.  Rather, God is relational and personal.  Begin your prayer acknowledging and expressing faith in that presence with you, near you, even in you, of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.  For we are told that if we come to love and to keep the word of the Lord, God Himself comes to dwell in us and to make His home in us!

Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord

In Ascensione Domini
1 June 2025

 The Church proclaims and believes the saving effects and value of what is called the Paschal Mystery.  The Paschal Mystery is the fulfillment in Jesus of the saving acts of God prefigured in the major events of the Old Covenant.  The Paschal Mystery is the new Passover by which the one, perfect, unblemished Lamb of God is offered for the sins of the world throughout all time.  The Paschal Mystery is the new Exodus by which the Lord frees believers from slavery in the kingdom of sin and opens a path, himself leading the way, so that we are guided to the Promised Land of Heaven.  The Paschal Mystery is the joining of heaven and earth such that what we experience here of God’s grace in the earthly sanctuary is a copy and a foreshadowing of the heavenly realities where Christ has entered in his resurrected flesh into the heavenly sanctuary to intercede for us before the Father.

There are four elements to the Paschal Mystery.  They are the suffering, the death, the resurrection, and the ascension of Jesus.  By virtue of being transferred from its normal liturgical date this past Thursday, marking forty days since Easter, today we are observing this fourth element in the Paschal Mystery: the Ascension of Jesus.  It is a curious mystery, and one that often is sort of forgotten among the other three elements of the Paschal Mystery.

The Ascension shows the Lord Jesus to be priest, prophet, and king of the New Covenant.  We see the allusions to this threefold office of the Lord in the Gospel and other scripture passages.  Today’s selection from St. Luke hints at the kingship of Christ in that he led his apostles out to Bethany.  It was in that village on the Mount of Olives, as Jesus was approaching Jerusalem to die, that the people acclaimed him as king and he then made his triumphal entry into Jerusalem.  The Gospel selection also hints at the Lord’s identity as prophet.  Earlier in St. Luke, at the transfiguration, the great prophets Moses and Elijah had appeared conversing with Jesus about his exodus.  Like Moses, Jesus in the Ascension is coming to his departure, his exodus from Jerusalem to Heaven.  Like Elijah, his departure is marked by his being taken up into Heaven, from which place he will bestow a powerful sharing in his very Spirit.  The Gospel selection also hints at the Lord’s identity as priest.  In Bethany, before ascending, we are told that Jesus raised his hands and blessed the apostles.  This is a clear priestly gesture, something like Aaron is known to have done, and which priests still do today when imparting a solemn blessing over the people.

It is this identification of Jesus as the Eternal Priest of the New Covenant that helps us understand the ascension and how it connects the earthly sacrifice of the Cross to Heaven, thus making it an eternal sacrifice for all time, the saving power of which we then encounter and have made present to us at every Holy Mass.  The identification of Jesus as the Great High Priest stands out powerfully in the ascension.  God the Son is the Eternal Priest of the New Covenant who comes to offer the one perfect sacrifice that saves all mankind.  As Priest, God the Son prepares Himself in the womb of Mary, as in a “sacristy”, and vests for the sacrifice that saves us by vesting not in robes, but by vesting Himself in our human flesh.  Upon vesting, the Lord begins his procession, moving through various events of life and places as he makes his way up to the mountain of sacrifice on Calvary.  Vested in our flesh, he offers the perfect saving sacrifice on the altar of the Cross.  It is perfect because He is God and He can offer something more valuable than any one of us can do.  It is a saving sacrifice because by virtue of offering our very flesh, we ourselves are incorporated into that sacrifice that is an atonement for our sins.  On the Cross, Jesus is both the perfect priest making the offering and he is the very offering itself, making an offering to the Father in our flesh and with power to resurrect.  Upon completion of the sacrifice (and the resurrection being the sign that the sacrifice was accepted by the Father), the Risen Lord does not shed his vesture, but goes forth in triumph as priest to take this one saving sacrifice into the perfect sanctuary of the temple of Heaven.  There, still vested in our flesh, the Lord stands before the throne to intercede for us.  It is from Heaven that our Great High Priest joins the sacrifice of the Cross to the eternity of Heaven, thus making his sacrifice of eternal value, and constantly poured out for us.  The sacrifice of the Cross, then, is not just a sacrifice limited in time to one historical moment.  Rather, it is eternal and the Lord has no need to offer sacrifice repeatedly, as we heard in the Letter to the Hebrews.

This identity of Jesus as the Eternal High Priest, seen so powerfully in the Ascension, touches directly on our Catholic life.  In the Holy Mass, the Lord is not sacrificed again and again.  Rather, the one perfect sacrifice, eternally present before the heavenly throne, is something we access and have re-presented to us through the Lord’s Catholic Church and through the instruments the Lord uses by the priesthood in his Church.  Vested as priest in our flesh, the Lord went up Calvary and mounted the altar of the Cross to offer the perfect sacrifice for our sin.  In the Ascension, we celebrate that vested as priest in our flesh, the Risen Lord makes his triumphal entry into the heavenly reality, the sanctuary of Heaven.  There, our Great High Priest brings the sacrifice of the cross and makes it an eternal offering.

With this in mind, we can understand elsewhere in the Scriptures the Lord’s words to his apostles that it is better that he go.  With this in mind, we are not saddened by the ascension and we do not think of ourselves as somehow abandoned.  With this in mind, we believe that the value and the saving effects of the Cross are poured out to us in every time and place, especially in the Holy Mass, where the priesthood of Jesus in his Church makes present to us the same one, perfect, and eternal sacrifice of the Cross.  At the Ascension, the disciples were led east of Jerusalem to Bethany where they saw the Lord taken up and were told he would return in just the same way.  Where the traditional posture is maintained in the sacred liturgy, as we do at our parish, we all face the same way together, facing either literal, or at least, symbolic east, looking for and awaiting the return of the Lord.  Why is this a posture in all ancient Christian liturgies?  Because ascending in the east, as we heard in the Acts of the Apostles, “[t]his Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will return in the same way as you have seen him going into heaven”.  Yet, also like the disciples at the ascension we know that we cannot only gaze at the sky.  Rather, we must open ourselves to receive power from on high with the gifts of the Holy Spirit, so that in this life and through this world our witness and our sharing of the good news draws others into the procession and exodus of our Great High Priest, leading us all to follow where he “our Head and Founder has gone before” (Preface I of the Ascension).